Multi-party competitive system
Multi-party competitive system is usually characterized by the following features:
-Each political party must have a clear position on major issues, which isolates it from other political parties;
-Such a system more typical of a parliamentary form of government;
-Often at such a party system one party is unable to win the parliamentary elections and therefore forced to compromise with other political parties;
, Many political analysts believe that strengthening the multiparty system facilitates the proportional electoral system (such as Duverger's law states that a proportional electoral system with a low barrier passage in Parliament promotes the formation of a multiparty system, proportional electoral system with a high barrier facilitates folding of two and a half parties ")
In many countries, multi-party system is dominant. Number of parties here can range from 3-4 to several dozens.
In multi-party system because these features have a number of obvious advantages and disadvantages. In a somewhat simplified form, it will look as follows:
"+" Multi-party system creates a basis for polycentric power;
"+" Citizens have more choices among programs;
In general, such a system is useful for those countries, where well established party, the electorate, the relationship between the parties (France, Italy, Spain).
"-" Multi-party system serves less aggregation (aggregation) of interest. The presence of many political parties leads to the fact that they are beginning to focus on certain groups of citizens and narrow the range of requirements to obtain their support to these groups.
"-" Voter, voting for a party, often do not know why exactly he voted in the end, as small parties enter into a coalition in a representative body, as if he votes for "fresh meat" of the program;
"-" Multi-party system often leads to lack of a stable parliamentary majority, to which the government could rely on. Often form a coalition government, where there are conflicts (for example, in Italy, where such a system exists, sometimes changed to 4-5 Governments a year).
"-" Immoderate multiparty system is not conducive to social integration, since the parties are sometimes inconsistent, even on the basic values of the program. |